India. (Polish Refugees in India). 1944. Envelope written from 'Zopia Kurek, Polish Refugee, Camp Valivade, Kolhapur, India' addressed to North America bearing India SG 272, 3 1/2a blue tied by Experimental P.O. double ring '19th Mar 44' with 'Opened by Examiner' label tied by framed 'Crown/ Passed DHC/ 3' on reverse with 'DHC/ 451' hand-stamp in violet on face.

The children on arrival in India had been placed at the Camp in Bandry, this lasted four months. The Maharaja of Nawanagar placed 500 children in an orphanage in the town of Balachadi. A year later a permanent camp was established at Valivade, Kolhapur for women and children.

When Soviet forces entered Poland an estimated one million Poles were deported to Labour Camp Gulags in Siberia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

Mail from the Polish Refugee's is almost impossible to find as most children were orphans and the women widows.

India. (Polish Refugees in India). 1944. Envelope written from (Polish Refugee), Indie, Kolhapur' addressed to London bearing India SG 277, 14a purple tied by 'Experimental P.O.' double ring '6th Sept 44', with 'P.C. 90/ Opened by Examiner' label tied by framed 'Crown/ Passed DHC/ 66' on reverse with 'DHC/ 458' hand-stamp in violet on face.

When Soviet Forces entered Poland an estimated one million Poles were deported to Labour Camp Gulags in Siberia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

An estimated 5000 women and children were placed in the settlement at Valivade near Kolhapur.

Mail from the Polish Refugee's is almost impossible to find as most children were orphans and the women widows.

Pakistan. (Polish Refugees in India - Pakistan). 1943. Air Mail envelope written from 'Polish Refugee Camp, Karachi, Pakistan' addressed to 'Jeruzalem, Paleztyne, P.O. Box 260' bearing India SG 269b, 1 1/2a purple tied by Experimental double ring, endorsed 'By Air Mail' with re-sealing label 'P.C. 90/ Opened By Examiner' tied by framed 'Crown/ Passed/ DHB/ 14' on face with 'DHB/ 137' hand-stamp in violet applied in Karachi on face.

When Soviet forces entered Poland an estimated one million Poles were deported to Labour Camp Gulags in Siberia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

An estimated 5000 women and children made the perilous journey south via Iran, Syria and Palestine via Pakistan to India. The Maharaja of Nawanagar established a cam for between 500 and 1000 women and children many of whom were orphans at Balachadi (Bandry Camp).

The Country Club, Transit Camp, Karachi, more than 25,000 Poles escaping persecution passed through this holding camp on their way to India, Africa, Mexico and New Zealand. Mail however is almost impossible to find as most of the children were orphans and the women widows.

India. (Polish Refugees in Iran and India). 1944. Registered Air Mail envelope (with seven page letter) from a Polish Refugee in Ahvaz, Iran addressed to 'Joseph Dasil, "Country Club", Polish Refugee Camp, Karachi, India' cancelled by framed 'R/ Tehran/ No (7688) with boxed bilingual 'Poste Aero' with Arabic censor tape reading 'Opened by Censorship Authority' (carmine on white) tied by 'Anglo - Soviete - Persian - Censorship/ 18' (Russian Section, circular device) and 'Anglo - Soviete - Persian - Censoeship/ 32' (British Section) on reverse, routed via Iraq with Basrah transit '9th Nov' with circular '16' censor hand-stamp in violet, forwarded from Karachi (Polish Refugee Camp) to 'c/o Jewish Agency, Bombay' with 'Opened By Examiner/ P.C. 90' label tied by framed 'Crown/ Passed DHP/ 22' censor on reverse and hand-stamp 'DHP/ 88' in violet on face (applied in Karachi) and re-directed to 'P.O. Box 92, Jerusalem, Palestine' with oval 'Jaffa - Registered' and date stamp on reverse '22nd Dec 1944.'

The children on arrival in India had been placed at the Camp in Bandry, this lasted four months. The Maharaja of Nawanagar placed 500 children in an orphanage in the town of Balachadi. A year later a permanent camp was established at Valivade, Kolhapur for women and children.

When Soviet forces entered Poland an estimated one million Poles were deported to Labour Camp Gulags in Siberia. The Polish Government in exile in London was granted amnesty for the Prisoners to make the long treks from the Gulag camps through Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and across the Caspian Sea to Iran. Many having recuperated began epic journeys via Palestine to Karachi, India and Africa.

Mail from or into the Polish Refugee's is almost impossible to find as most of the children were orphans the the women widows.

India. (Polish Refugees in India). 1946. Air Mail envelope (with letter) addressed to 'Rolezewska Jadwign, Valivade, Kolhapur, Polish Refugee Camp, India' bearing Great Britain SG 414, 10d turquoise tied by 'Poczta Polowa/ 123' double ring '26th March 46' with framed 'By Air Mail/ Poczta Lotnicza' in violet on face and part Experimental P.O. arrival on reverse.

The children on arrival in India had been placed at the Camp in Baldry, this lasted four months. The Maharaja of Nawanagar placed 500 children in an orphanage in the town of Balachadi. A year later a permanent camp was established at Valivade, Kolhapur for women and children.

When Soviet forces entered Poland an estimated one million Poles were deported to Labour Camp Gulags in Siberia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

Mail from or into the Polish Refugee's is almost impossible to find as most of the children were orphans and the women widows.

Persian Gulf. (Bahrain - Great Britain - Postage Due). 1954. Air Mail envelope written from the Bahrain Petroleum Co. Box 575, Awali' addressed to England bearing Bahrain SG 87,, 6a on 6d purple tied by Awali/ Bahrain double ring '12th Sept 54', underpaid with hand-stuck 'T' and bearing Great Britain postage due SG D 39, 1s ochre applied and tied by oval Registered/ Altringham Cheshire receiver '17th Sept' with adjacent '1/- / I,.S. / E.' hand-stamp on face.

Very nice combination with Bahrain and hand-struck postage due, The cover should have paid the twelve annas double Air Mail rate to UK so underpaid and taxed. Scarce usage of the Indian Postal period tax hand-stamp used pre 1948.

Persian Gulf. (Bahrain - Postage Due). 1954. Air Mail envelope addressed to the United States bearing Bahrain SG 87, 6a on 6d purple tied by Awali/ Bahrain double ring '16th Oct 54' with hand-struck 'T' on face struck twice.

Lovely item, the cover was underpaid and should have paid one rupee to North America. Scarce usage of the Indian Postal period tax hand-stamp.

Spanish Colonies. (Spanish Morocco). 1937. Censored envelope addressed to Tetuan bearing Yvert 203, 1c red (pair), Yvert 204, 2c green (pair) and Yvert 234, 5c on 25c red-brown (3) hand-stamped 'TANGER' in red and tied by Tetuan (Marruecos Espanol) double ring with 'Albierto por la Censura Militar de Tetuan' censor label and 'Fuerzas Militares de Marruecos/ Franquicia' cachet in violet on reverse. Very fine.

United States. (TOO LATE MAIL). 1867. Folded letter written from San Francisco dated '29th October 1867' addressed to France cancelled by San Francisco/ Cal date stamp 'Nov 9', endorsed 'per "Sacramento" with oval instructional 'Too Late', routed overland via New York with hand-stamp '30' and New York/ 6 Br. Pkt.' transit 'Dec 3' with French entry cachet and charged with bold hand-struck '16' and Bordeaux arrival 'Dec 16' on reverse.

Attractive item of Trans-Atlantic mail with scarce TOO LATE.

Russia. (Great Britain - Maritime Mail). 1908. Russian postal stationery (reply card) 3k red upgraded with Yvert 38, 1k orange tied by Mglin date stamp '5th Feb 1908', addressed to London routed via Southampton with circular 'British Sea Post Office/ Southampton (code 1) date stamp 'Fe 2' on face (Robertson M. 1).

A very interesting combination from Russia with this scarce 'Anglo-American "Joint" Sea Post Office' cachet. Robertson states only recorded in 1907/ 08 known lettered 'B' and numbered "3". "5" or "7".

This numbered "1" not seen by Robertson.

In 1907 the remaining first class ships of the White Star Line were transferred to Southampton, and in that year a special hand-stamp (M.1) came into use in the post offices on board. After barely one years use the hand-stamp was replaced in 1908 by a circular date-stamp worded " Transatlantic Post Office' with no port name.

Philippines. (Hong Kong - Sweden). 1856. Stamp-less folded letter written from the 'Consulate of Sweden and Norway, Manila' dated 'Manila 15th April 1856' and endorsed 'From H.M. Consul at Manila' addressed to Stockholm, Sweden' sent on the Swedish packet "Jenny Lind", endorsed 'via Marseille', routed via Hong Kong with Crown Circle 'Paid at Hong Kong' struck in red on face and Hong Kong arc '9th June 56' on reverse, rated '2s' in red crayon, with French entry cachet and 'Marseille a Paris' ambulant '28th Juil', rated '1 1/4 OZ' in blue and charged '2fr' with boxed 'Ystad/ 4/8 1856' on face and hand-struck postage due '1 Rdr. 20sk' in black on face.

Text from the Consul notes the "Jenny Lind" is the only Swedish steamer to pass this year and no Norwegian vessels.

A very early cover written from the Manila to Sweden and the only known item sent by Swedish steamer.

Exhibition item.

United States. (Sudan). 1943. Air Mail envelope addressed to 'Base Command Pay Office, Khartoum, Sudan' bearing United States 'SG A905, 20c green and SG A 907, 50c orange tied by Los Angeles slogan 'June 12 43' with bold 'Via Air Mail' hand-stamp in violet, with 'Examined By/ 3983' censor tape, routed via Egypt with 'Deputy Chief Censor' hand-stamp on face. Colourful item, routed over the Atlantic.

United States. (Hawaii). 1901. Registered parcel addressed to France bearing United States Yvert 127, 10c brown tied by 'Registered/ Hilo, Hawaii' double ring '9th Jan' in blue with circular 'Registered/ Honolulu, Hawaii' transit '12/1', routed via New York with 'R/ New York' registration label. Very fine item of registered mail from Hawaii.

Portuguese Colonies. (Mozambique). 1892. Postal stationery card 20r rose upgraded with Mozambique Yvert 15, 5r black (pair) tied by Mozambique date stamp in blue addressed to France with Marseille and Ardeche arrival. Very attractive item.

Spanish Colonies. (Cuba). 1878. Envelope addressed to Paris bearing Cuba Yvert 26, 50c grey-green tied by Correos/ Habana double ring '6th Juin 78'. routed via London with London/ Paid on face 27 June' and Paris receiver on reverse. Very fine.

Spanish Colonies. (Cuba). 1876. Stamp-less envelope written from Matanzas (oval firms chop on reverse in blue), addressed to France, endorsed 'voie des Etats Unis' with New York transit 'Jan 19' in blue and circular 'T' hand-stamp in blue-green and rated with hand-struck '10' charge on face with French entry cachet '31st Jan' and charged with hand-struck '8', Martel arrival '2nd Feb' and forwarded via Paris to Brive '4th Feb' on reverse. Very fine item.

Czechoslovakia. (French Military Detachment). 1919. Stamp-less envelope addressed to Caen cancelled by circular 'Mission Militaire Francaise/ Prague/ Le General' in violet with 'Vrchal Velitilstvi Ces Vojsk/ na Slovensku' military cachet and signed by the Lieutenant, routed via Paris/ Saint Peres. Very fine item.

Thailand. (United States). 1927. Envelope written from 'H.S.M.' s Custom House, Bangkok' addressed to Arlington bearing SG 211, 2s chocolate (pair), SG 213, 3s red-brown (pair) and SG 216, 5s violet tied by Bangkok 2B date stamp, endorsed 'via Penang and Europe' and forwarded from Arlington 'Juil 14' to New Hampshire.

Thailand. (Provincial Postmarks). 1921. Envelope addressed to Bangkok bearing SG 217, 10s yellow-brown and black tied by bilingual Nakhon Ratchasima date stamp with Bangkok/ 1 and Bangkok /5 on reverse. Very fine.

Thailand. (British Consulate - Netherlands East Indies). 1923. Registered Official Mail envelope headed 'On His Britannic Majesty's Service' (with three British Consulate wax seals on reverse), addressed to 'Sourabaya, Java' bearing SG 147, 2s brown and SG 218, 15s blue (4) tied by Bangkok/ 2 date stamp '27th Oct 23' with matching registered label, routed via Singapore.
Lovely item paying the scarce eighty two satang rate.

(Roughly opened at left).

Thailand. (Provincial Postmarks). 1928. Envelope addressed to North Dakota bearing SG 231, 3s chocolate tied by bilingual Chiengmai date stamp with Bangkok transit on reverse '13th Nov 28'. Nice item paying the Printed Matter rate to the United States.

Thailand. (Provincial Postmarks). 1941. Envelope addressed to Bangkok bearing SG 288, 10s carmine tied by bilingual Bhuket date stamp, Very fine item paying the inland rate.

Thailand. (K.L.M. Dutch Service). 1938. Air Mai envelope addressed to the 'Banque de L' Indochine, Paris' bearing SG 260, 1b blue and black tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp with 'K.L.M. Service/ By Airmail' label in red. Very fine.

Thailand. (K.L.M. Dutch Service). 1938. Air Mail envelope addressed to the 'Banque de L' Indochine, Paris' bearing SG 255, 10s carmine and SG 258, 50s orange and black tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp '22nd Jan 38' with 'KLM Service/ By Airmail' label in blue and Paris arrival '29th Feb 38' on reverse. Very fine.

Thailand. (K.L.M. DUTCH SERVICE). 1938. Air Mail envelope addressed to Berlin bearing SG 255, 10s carmine and SG 257, 25s orange and black tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp '18th May 38', endorsed 'By Dutch Airmail K.L.M.' with 'K.L.M./ By Airmail' label in red. Very fine.

Thailand. (Penang). 1940. Envelope addressed to Penang bearing SG 242, 25s blue tied by Bangkok Section date stamp with 'Em. 77/ Passed By Censor' label tied by framed 'Passed By/ 1/ Censor' hand-stamp on face and reverse.

Thailand. (Railway). 1935. Envelope headed 'The Prince Royal's Collage, Chiengmai, Siam' addressed to New York bearing SG 241, 15s carmine tied by bilingual North Express railway cancel with Bangkok transit and framed slogan 'Buy Siam-Rice/ Best in the World' on reverse.

Lovely item sent south on the Northern Express railway from Chiengmai.

Thailand. (Printed Matter Rate - United States). 1946. Envelope addressed to New York bearing SG 309, 3s green tied by bilingual Bangkok GPO date stamp, endorsed 'Printed Matter'.

Nice item paying the unopened Printed Matter rate to New York.

Thailand. (India - Imperial Airways). 1937. Air Mail envelope sent 'Advice of Receipt' and Registered mail addressed to Bombay bearing SG 268, 50s orange and black tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp '22nd Aug 37' with matching registration label and framed hand-struck 'A.R.', endorsed 'Per Imperial Air Mail' with Calcutta and Bombay on reverse '26th Aug.'

Nice single franking paying the 20 satang airmail to India, 15 satang for registration and 15 satang Advice of Receipt (A.R.). Very nice single franking usage.

The mail was carried via Rangoon. (Rough opening on left).

Thailand. (New Zealand - Printed Matter Rate). 1940. Envelope addressed to New Zealand bearing SG 286, 3s green tied by bilingual Bangkok/ 4 date stamp '13th March 40', routed via Singapore with triangular 'Passed For Transmission/ 13' on face and hand-stamp arrival '12th April 1940' on reverse.

Nice item paying the unopened Printed Matter rate from Siam to New Zealand via Singapore.

Thailand. (South Africa - Horseshoe Route). 1940. Air Mail envelope addressed to Michigan bearing SG 243, 50s orange and black (pair) tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp '4th Sept 40', endorsed 'By B.O.A.C.' with bilingual 'Opened by Censor' label.

This letter was carried by B.O.A.C. on the 'Horseshoe' route to Durban, South Africa where censor label was applied and then carried by ship via London to the United States.

Thailand. (Trans- Pacific Mail). 1940. Air Mail envelope addressed to New York bearing SG 242, 25s blue (pair), SG 244, 1t green and lilac and SG 245, 2t vermilion and carmine tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp '20th March 40', endorsed 'via USA Clipper/ Trans Pacific Mail' with framed 'Imperial Airways' in violet struck twice on face.

The hand-stamp 'Imperial Airways' indicates the cover was flown to Europe by flying boat reaching Poole and sent by ship across the Atlantic from Liverpool. The cover evaded censorship.

Thailand. (Victory Stamps). 1922. Registered Air Mail envelope addressed to Switzerland bearing 'VICTORY' SG 191, 10s olive and black, SG 192, 15s blue, SG 197, 5s on 6s rose (block of four) and SG 198, 10s on 12s sepia and black tied by bilingual Ubon date stamp '4th June 1922' with matching registration label, endorsed 'via Korat - Bangkok' and 'By Air Post' with Bangkok/ 2b transit '10/6' and framed departure 'By Air Way/ Bangkok/ Date 10/6/2464' and Bern arrival '11th July 22' on reverse.

Lovely item franked with the scarce 'Victory' issue on cover.

Thailand. (Air Mail). 1946. Air Mail envelope addressed to Chicago bearing SG 254, 5s violet, SG 256, 15s blue (pair), SG 296, 50s grey and orange and SG 307, 1b indigo tied by Washington/ 6 duplex dated 'May 27 1946' with instructional 'This Article originally mailed in country of postage'' in violet on face.

Sent from Bangkok with Siam stamps not cancelled on dispatch and with oval 'Foreign Service Mail Desk/ Received/ Department of State/ May 25 1946.'

Thailand. (Canada). 1941. Envelope addressed to Canada bearing SG 294, 15s black and blue tied by framed slogan 'Thailand Implores For World Peace' with Bangkok GPO date stamp '9th Nov 1941' with circular '9' censor hand-stamp in violet on face.

Thailand. (Penang). 1940. Air Mail envelope addressed to Penang bearing SG 289, 15s blue tied by bilingual Ronpibul date stamp '5th Dec 1940', hand-stamped 'Per Air Mail' with triangular 'Passed For Transmission/ Penang/ 16' on face. Scarce postmark from Ronpibon, South Thailand.

Thailand. (Imperial Airways - Greece). 1933. Illustrated Air Mail envelolpe headed 'Bangkok - Athens' addressed to 'Imperial Airways, Athens, Greece' bearing SG 255, 10s carmine and SG 274, 25s black and mauve tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp with 'jusqu'a mark in red over Pan Avion label.

Carried Bangkok to London by Imperial Airways, at London Office of Exchange the airmail label is crossed out by two parallel bars in red to indicate end of Air Transport.

Thailand. (Trans - Pacific Mail). Circa 1944. Air Mail envelope addressed to New York bearing SG 261, 2b brown and carmine (strip of four) and SG 307, 1b indigo tied with Bangkok GPO date stamp endorsed 'By P.A.A. Line'.

High franking of nine baht sent by Pan American Clipper.

Thailand. (Austria). Circa 1930. Air Mail envelope with 'Garuda' imprint on reverse addressed to Austria bearing SG 254, 5s violet and SG 257, 25s black and orange tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp with matching registration label.
Very attractive.

Thailand. (Air Mail). 1925. Air Mail envelope hand-stamped 'By Air Mail' addressed to Ubol, Siam bearing SG 232, 5s green and SG 234, 15s carmine tied by small 'aeroplane' date stamp of Uttara '10th Feb 1925' with Ubol arrival '17/2' on face and reverse.

Carried in the weekly flight of the 'Royal Aeronautical Service from Uttara to Korat and on by train.

Thailand. (Air Mail). 1926. Air Mail envelope addressed to 'Mr Boon-Thoung Ju-Phong-Saet, Postmaster, Ubon' bearing SG 244, 1t green and lilac tied by small 'aeroplane' date stamp of Nagor Rajasima '9th April 1926' with 'Mit Flugpost/ By Air Mail' label and bilingual Ubon arrival on face.

Nice usage of the Coronation Stone issue on the weekly flight of the 'Royal Aeronautical Service from Korat to Ubon.

Thailand. (Royal Thai Navy). 1951. Envelope written from 'Sub Lt. Rasit Monkolprasit, H.T.M.S "Prap" Bangkok' addressed to the United States bearing SG 313, 5s violet, SG 317, 1b violet and blue and SG 337, 10s green (pair) tied by Bangkok GPO. date stamp with oval 'Royal Thai Navy/ H.T.M.S. "Prap"' cachet on face in violet.

Thailand. (K.L.M. Dutch Airlines). 1938. Air Mail envelope addressed to France bearing SG 240, 10s orange and black and SG 242, 25s blue tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp with 'via Air France' erased and endorsed 'KLM' in re crayon with Gironde arrival '4th Aug 38.' on reverse.

Thailand. (Advertising Covers). 1935. Illustrated Advertising envelope headed 'M. Michelin & Co., Worachak & New Road, Bangkok' with (Michelin Men and Tire) addressed to Saigon, Cochinchine bearing SG 241, 15s carmine tied by boxed slogan hand-stamp reading 'Those Interested in Farming Should Read the Agriculture Newspaper) with adjacent Bangkok date stamp '19th Mch 1935' and Saigon Central '23/3' on reverse. A very scarce Advertising cover. Not many seen from Siam.

Thailand. (K.L.M. Airlines). 1939. Air Mail envelope addressed to California bearing SG 282, 5s violet and SG 284, 15s blue (pair) tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp, endorsed 'K.L.M. via Amsterdam' with 'Pan Avion', crossed in carmine crayon.

Franked at 35 satang for foreign letter rate, carried Don Muang to Amsterdam and then by ship over the Atlantic hence the 'Jusqu'a' mark applied at Office of Exchange'

Thailand. (Denmark). 1938. Air Mail envelope addressed to Kobenhaven bearing SG 242, 25s blue and SG 255, 10s carmine tied by Bangkok GPO date stamp '17th Dec 38'. endorsed 'K.L.M.' on face.

Franked at 35 satang for foreign letter from Don Muang to Amsterdam and by rail and ship to Denmark.

Thailand. (Provincial Postmarks). 1928. Envelope addressed to England bearing SG 254, 5s violet (strip of three) tied by bilingual Nakhon Rajasima date stamp with Bangkok transit. Very fine.

Thailand. (Postal Stationery). 1935. Siam postal stationery envelope 15 satang blue upgraded with SG 255, 10s carmine tied by Singora date stamp with matching registration label addressed to the 'French Dispensary, Bangkok' with arrival. Lovely item of postal stationery from Singora Province.

Thailand. (Printed Matter). 1940. Envelope addressed to Fresno, California bearing SG 281, 3s green tied by Bangkok GPO (B) date stamp '13th July 40'.

Lovely item paying the Un-opened Printed Matter rate to the United States.

Thailand. (Provincial Postmarks). 1927. Registered envelope addressed to Bangkok bearing SG 221, 25s indigo tied by bilingual Prachuab Khiri Khan date stamp with registered label and Bangkok/ 10B receiver on reverse. Superb.