Portugal. (Switzerland). Registered mourning envelope written from the 'Swiss Consul in Porto' with circular 'Consulat Suisse a Porto' in violet on face addressed to Switzerland bearing 'Republica' Yvert 171, 15r pale lilac, Yvert 172, 20r rose and 'Assistencia' Yvert 204, 10r grey-green, Yvert 207, 15c black, Yvert 208, 1c blue/green and Yvert 211, 2 1/2c violet (2) tied by Carlos Alberto double ring with framed hand-struck 'R/ Portugal' and 'Recommande/ Registado' hand-stamp in carmine on face with 'Consult de la Confederation Suisse/ Porto' label on reverse tied by Geneve receiver. Very attractive cover.

Portuguese Colonies. (Mozambique). 1859. Stamp-less folded letter written 'Auginfabre & Fils, Marseille' dated '1st Mars 1859' addressed to 'Monsieur Ant. Michel a Mozambique', endorsed 'via Algoa Bay' and sent on the French paquebot "Chapeur" . A very fine and scarce early item into Portuguese Mozambique.

Netherlands East Indies. (Forwarding Agents). 1843. Stamp-less folded letter written from Batavia dated 'April 10 1843' addressed to Rotterdam endorsed 'per Batavia', charged '60c' with oval 'Zee Brief/ Den Helder' dated '22nd Sept', forwarded from Rotterdam '26/9' with framed 'Received & Forwarded/ By Your Most Obedient Servants/ A. Campbell & Co/ Rotterdam 26th Sept 1843' in black on reverse with hand-struck 'Ship Letter' applied in London '28th Sept' and rated '1/4' in m/s.

Lovely item of forwarded mail. Exhibition item.

India. (Singapore - Netherlands Indies). 1844. Stamp-less folded letter written from Bombay dated '25th Nov 44' addressed to Batavia, Netherlands Indies endorsed 'per ship "Sea Horse" with m/s 'per "Cleopatra" with oval 'Behn Meyer & Co/ Singapore' in black on reverse and oval 'Zeebrief/ Ongerfranke' in blue/ green on face and charged '60' ct on face in red crayon on arrival in Batavia.

Superb item written from Bombay and forwarded from Singapore to Batavia.

India. (Jammu Kashmir Official Mail). 1917. Envelope headed 'Kashmir State Service' written from 'H.H. Confidential Office/ Jammu' and signed, addressed to 'Sir Francis Younghusband, Buckingham Gate, London' bearing India 'Service' SG 076, 1/2a green (2) tied by Jammu double ring '19th Feb 17' with London receiver and forwarded to Younghusband at 'The Mill Cottage, Wimbledon Common, Surrey.

Tibet. (India used in Nepal - Tibet). 1922. Indian KGV postal stationery envelope 'half anna' green upgraded with India SG 155, 1/2a green tied by Nepal double ring on reverse with oval 'Katmandu' hand-stamp under Gyantse arrival addressed to Tibet with Gyantse arrival on reverse.

The oval Katmandu mark is found on mail that was dispatched to and from the British India Post Office in Katmandu from 1920 - 1937.
H. Garrat-Adams was of the opinion that this may have been a censor mark applied by the Nepalese authorities.

India. (Sikkim - Denmark). 1896. Indian postal stationery envelope 'two annas six pies' orange cancelled by Gantok/ Sikkim date stamp 'Mr 9 96' addressed to Denmark, routed via Calcutta with Sea Post Office 'Mr 14 96' on reverse.

Very fine cover from Sikkim addressed to Denmark.

Tibet. (Younghusband Expedition to Tibet). 1904. Crested envelope from the '1st Battalion, Borderers Regiment, South Wales' based at 'Meean Meer' addressed to Capt. W.E.B. Smith/ S.W. Borderers/ Commd. No 7 Carrier Corps/ Thibet Field Service, Thibet' bearing India SG 113, 1/2a yellow-green (pair) tied by Meean-Meer date stamp '9th Oct 04' with 'Base Office' dated '12th Oct' on reverse and 'Field P.O. No 87' dated '13th Oct 04' on reverse.

Only one other example of Field Post Office 87 is known on an Indian postal stationery envelope in the "Armand E. Singer" collection which was sold intact by his estate.

'D.S. Virk' notes Field Post Office 87 at Gantok from May to 14th November 1904.

Little mail is known into the Expedition with most correspondence from Younghusband, Bailey or Sven Hedin the famous explorer of Tibet.

George Alevizos and Armand Singer remark the early Field Post Office cancels are rarely clear.

Germany. (Bermuda - Boer War). 1901. German postal stationery 'Reply Card' (with unused reply half attached) cancelled by Oldenburg date stamp '18th Nov 01' addressed to 'Willy Weichardt, Prisoner of War/ Burts Island, Bermuda' with circular 'Prisoner of War/ Passed by Censor/ Bermuda' in blue on face and Hamilton/Bermuda 'Dec 7th' on reverse and endorsed 'Not Darrell' in m/s pencil.

Only 1100 Boer Prisoners were held on Darrell Island in the Great Sound of Bermuda.

Malaya. (Civilian Internees in Malaya). 1943. Stamp-less envelope headed 'Prisoner of War Post/ Service Des Prisonniers de Guerre' addressed to 'Mr A. Cross, British Civilian Internee, Changi Camp, Singapore' cancelled by Muthill/ Perthshire double ring '20th May 43' with 'Opened by Examiner/ 4836' label applied and framed 'Ken'etsuzumi' (censored) in violet with circular seal (unidentified) with m/s '118' indicating the hut number for Cross and on reverse 'Recd. Sime Road Camp 5th June 1944' in pencil.

Very nice item of civilian mail into Sime Road Camp. Illustrated in David Tett "Singapore and Malaya, The Changi Connection.'

Malaya. (Civilian Internees in Malaya). 1943. Stamp-less envelope headed 'Prisoner of War Post/ Service Des Prisonniers de Guerre' addressed to 'Mr Frank A. McCaffery, British Civilian Internee, Changi Camp, Singapore' cancelled by Wrantage/ Taunton double ring '31st May 43' with 'Opened by Examiner 3503' label applied and circular 'Ken'etsuzumi' (censored) in violet with m/s '116' in blue crayon indicating the hut number for Cross and on reverse 'Recd. 4.6.1944' in pencil

Malaya. (Civilian Internees in Malaya). 1943. Enquiry card from the Red Cross in Geneva with circular 'Comite International de la Croix Rouge/ Geneve' in carmine dated '14th Aout 1943' sent via the Catholic Mission in Fribourg (Suisse) dated '17th Aout 43' addressed to the 'Apostolic Delegation in London with hand-stamp received '25 Aout 1943' on reverse.

The enquiry card advises that Wilfred Young, Staff of Borneo Co, Singapore is probably interned at Changi.

India. (India used in Sikkim - Tibet). 1908. India postal stationery card 1/4a brown cancelled by Darjeeling date stamp '31st Mar 1908' addressed to the 'Post Office Rangpo, Sikkim' with Rangpo arrival '1st April', (struck twice) '2nd April' and forwarded to My Song, Gangtok '3rd April' and carried to Ghum with receiver '3rd and '4th April' (struck twice) on face. Very rare item.

The Ghum and Rangpo are very rare cancels from Sikkim.

India. (India - Afghanistan). 1928. Native envelope addressed to Peshawar bearing Afghanistan Yvert 235, 15p rose-pink tied by oval vernacular date stamp, routed via the Afghan - Indian frontier with Landikhana double ring and horseshoe 'Landikhana/ Due/ Two Annas' on face with octagonal Pershawar/ Unpaid arrival '5th Mar 28' on reverse.

The Afghan stamp paid the rate to the border as Afghanistan was not a member of the U.P.U. an India stamp should have carried the cover to Pershawar but for some reason taxed on the Afghanistan - Indian border.

China. (Tibet - India used Abroad). 1909. Picture post card of 'The Himalayas from Darjeeling' addressed to France bearing India SG 150, 1a carmine tied by Yatung - Tibet/ via Siliguri date stamp '11th Feb 09' with adjacent Base Office transit '13th Feb 09'.

The Base Office was applied at Teesta Bridge, Siliguri which became a civil Post Office in January 1908.

China. (Tibet - India used Abroad). 1941. Indian postal stationery envelope 'one anna three pies' bistre addressed to Kathmandu, Nepal cancelled by Gyantse, Tibet double ring with receiver on reverse and "Dorji" traders manuscript.

China. (India used in Tibet). 1914. Native envelope addressed to Nepal bearing India SG 149, 1/2a green tied by Gyantse Tibet/ Siliguri Base date stamp '30th Oct 14' with Nepal arrival '5th Nov' adjacent. Very fine.

China. (Tibet - India used Abroad). 1906. Picture post card of 'A group of Tibetan Musicians' addressed to London bearing India SG 150, 1a carmine tied by Barharwa date stamp. Nice Tibet card.

China. (Tibet - India used Abroad). 1947. India KGV1 postal stationery envelope 'one anna half pie' brown cancelled by Kalimpong date stamp with Pharijong transit on reverse 'April 47' addressed to Lhasa in combination with Tibet SG 11B, 1t bluish red and SG 12B, 2t scarlet tied by Pharijong date stamp.

Scarce combination paying the 3tr rate with shade noted by Flack but not listed in Stanly Gibbons.

Very fine with Geoffrey Flack certificate.

China. (India used in Tibet). 1922. Large piece bearing India 'Service' SG 084, 2a deep mauve (4) tied by Yatong Tibet/ via Siliguri date stamp '21st Jan 1922' with 'R/ 177/Yatung Tibet' registration label.

India. (British Legation in Nepal). 1948. Envelope written from the 'British Legation in Katmandu, Nepal' addressed to Uccle, Belgium bearing India SG 266, 1/2a purple, SG 268, 1a carmine and SG 270, 2a vermilion tied by British Legation (Nepal) double ring '9th Feb 48' with seal on reverse Very attractive item.

India. (India used in Nepal). 1944. Registered and Insured envelope endorsed 'V.P.P. for RS 21 (Rupees Twenty One), addressed to Bombay written from Katmandu, Nepal' bearing India SG 268, 1a carmine and SG 269, 1 1/2a dull violet (strip of five) tied by British Legation/ Reg (Nepal) date stamp '18th Aug 44' with 'V.P./ 40' pink registration label tied by hand-struck framed 'British Legation (Nepal) and receiver on reverse '23rd Aug'.

Scarce 'V.P.' pink label. A very attractive item.

India. (India used in Nepal). 1909. Native envelope addressed to 'Arminian Street, Calcutta' bearing India SG 149, 1/2a green tied by Nepal date stamp '9th Jan 09' with Calcutta arrival '12th Jan' adjacent.

India. (Afghanistan - Great Britain). 1877. Envelope addressed to 'Honble Mrs James Napier/ care of the Honble James Napier/ 10th Royal Hussers, Muttra, India, N.W.P.' bearing Great Britain SG 156, 8d orange tied by Bury St. Edmunds/ 97 duplex '20th Sept 77', with Woolpit 'Sept 20' on reverse, routed via Brindisi with Sea Post Office 'Sept 28' and Muttra arrival '13th Oct.' (Part flap missing).

The 10th Royal Hussars left the North West Province for Jellalabad (Afghanistan) and the second Afghan War in 1878.

The attached photo shows Napier with the 10th Royal Hussars in Jellalabad.

India. 1854. Cut to shape imperf 4 anna indigo and red cancelled by 'Bombay' type '123' obliterator of Mahableshwar. A scarce postmark on the four annas.

Ethiopia. (The Abyssinian Field Force). 1868. India Queen Victoria SG 62, 2 annas orange cancelled by "F.F." diamond obliterator of the Abyssinian Field Force. Scarce stamp used from the Campaign.

Emperor Tewodros 11 of Ethiopia wrote to Queen Victoria asking for help in the revolt against him and the constant military campaigns against his country . When the letter was not answered Tewodros took the British Consul Captain Cameron and several missionaries hostage. In response an Expedition led by Sir Robert Napier consisting of 13,000 British and Indian soldiers trekked for three months to Magdala and surrounded the city. After the siege the Abyssinian King was defeated and the city burnt, the Expedition withdrew with the rescued men and King Tewodros took his own life.

Ethiopia. (The Abyssinian Field Force). 1868. India Queen Victoria SG 51, 8 pie purple on small piece cancelled by "F.F." diamond obliterator of the Abyssinian Field Force.

Emperor Tewodros 11 of Ethiopia wrote to Queen Victoria asking for help in the revolt against him and the constant military campaigns against his county. When the letter was not answered Tewodros took the British Consul Captain Cameron and several missionaries hostage. In response an Expedition led by Sir Robert Napier consisting of 13,000 British and Indian soldiers trekked three months to Magdala and surrounded the city. After a siege the Abyssinian King was defeated and the city burnt, the Expedition withdrew with the rescued men. King Tewodros took his own life.

Great Britain. (Australia). 1885. Envelope addressed to Adelaide, South Australia bearing SG 194, 6d dull green tied by Bury St. Edmunds squared circle 'My 18 85' with adjacent G.P.O. Adelaide on face 'June 24'.

A cover of outstanding quality with lovely deep colour on the six pence green.

Great Britain. (Jamaica). 1893. Great Britain postal stationery envelope 'two and halfpence' grey-blue cancelled by Bury St. Edmunds/ 97 duplex dated 'Feb 27 1893' addressed to 'The Second West Indies Regiment, Up Park Camp, Jamaica' with Kingston and Up Park Camp squared circle arrival '17th March' on reverse.

Up Park Camp was the headquarters of the British Army in Jamaica. The mortality rate of British soldiers in Jamaica was very high particular as a result of yellow fever. The camp expanded in the 19th Century and was the base for the West Indies Regiments.

Hong Kong. (Singapore - Great Britain). 1893. Great Britain postal stationery envelope 'halfpence' orange upgraded with 'Jubilee' SG 197, 1/2d orange and SG 232, 3d yellow/orange mixed with 'Revenue' SG F12, 1d lilac tied by Bury St. Edmonds date stamp 'Mr 9 93' addressed to 'General Post Office, Hong Kong, China', routed via Singapore on the 'S.S. "Sutlej" arriving in Hong Kong '9th April'.

Very attractive franking paying the 5 pence rate to Asia.

Revenue stamps were authorized for postal use on 1st June 1881.

China. (Boxer Rebellion). 1902. Stamp-less envelope addressed to France headed 'Corps d' Occupation du Tonkin' addressed to France cancelled by Dap Cau/ Tonkin double ring '9th Jan 02' with undated 'Tonkin Corps Exped' and circular 'Service Veterinaise Dap - Cau Tonkin/ Le Veterinaire' on face with oval 'Cercle Des Officiers/ Dap - Cau Tonkin' on reverse in violet with Chinese chop.

Very scarce cover from the Veterinary Detachment in the Boxer Campaign.

China. (Boxer Rebellion). 1901. Stamp-less envelope printed 'Chine - Armee Internationale - Corps Francais' addressed to France cancelled by 'Tresor et Postes Aux Armees 1 Chine 1' date stamp '18th Juin' with Lyon arrival on reverse '4th Aout 01'.

Very fine and rare formular envelope from the Boxer Campaign.

China. (French Occupation of China). 1891. Stamp-less envelope addressed to Hue, Annam cancelled by 'Cho-Huyen/ Annam' date stamp '10th Mai 91' with undated 'Corps Exped Annam-Tonkin' on face with circular 'Postes de Cho-Huyen/ Le Commandant' in red on reverse and countersigned by the Commander with Hue arrival. Very fine and scarce item from the French Occupation sent internally.

China. (French Occupation of China). 1900. Stamp-less envelope endorsed 'Troupes de L' Indo-Chine' addressed to France written from 'Toung-Tcheou' (China) dated '30th December 1900' cancelled by 'Thai-Nguyen/ Tonkin' double ring with circular 'Place de Thai-Nguyen/ Tonkin/ Le Commandant D' Armees' in blue on face with undated 'Corps Expre Annam Tonkin', routed via Hanoi with Saone arrival '31st Juin 02'.'

Nice item with twelve page text in French from mainland China, written over one year period.

China. (Imperial Post). 1902. Picture post card of 'Chinese Shoemaker' addressed to England bearing Chinese Imperial Post SG 123, 2c red (pair) tied by Imperial Post Shanghai date stamp, endorsed 'French Mail' with hand-struck instructional 'TOO LATE', routed via the British Post Office with Shanghai/ B.P.O. on face.

Very nice item with rare 'Too Late' hand-stamp the card being late for the French Mail service.

China. (Temple of Dawn). 1909. Picture post card of 'Chinese Chariot' addressed to France bearing 'Temple of Dawn' SG 165, 2c green and orange tied by Canton date stamp, routed via the Imperial and Chinese Post Offices Shanghai.

China. (Indo-Chinese Post Office in Mengtsz). 1903. Envellope addressed to Hanoi, Tonkin bearing Indo-Chinese Post Office in China SG 4, 5c yellow-green (2) and SG 5, 10c rose (2) tied by Mongtze/ Chine double ring '7th Feb 03', routed via Lao-Kay '18th Feb' and Hanoi arrival on reverse. Very fine item paying the double letter rate.

China. (Indo-Chinese Post Offices in Yunnan - Sen). 1910. Picture post card of 'Lolo Femmes Tribe, Yunnan - Tonkin Frontier' addressed to Switzerland bearing Yunnan-Sen SG 56, 5c green (2) tied by Yunnan-Fou/ Chine double ring '2nd Aout 10' routed via Haiphong '6th Aout'. Superb item from Yunnan Fu Province.

China. (Indo-Chinese Post Office in Yunnan - Sen). 1907. Picture post card of 'La Pont de Posi, Yunnan' addressed to Paris bearing Yunnan-Sen SG 20, 10c red tied by Yunnan-Fou/ Chine double ring '8th Jan 07'. Very fine item from Yunnan-Fu Province.

China. (Indo-Chinese Post Offices in Mengtsz). 1907. Registered photographic post card of 'writer in formal dress, Yunnan' addressed to Paris bearing French China SG 32, 5c green and SG 57, 25c blue mixed with French Indo-China SG 33, 5c green tied by Mong-Tseu-Chine double ring '12th Dec 07' with framed hand-struck 'R' and endorsed 'Recommandee', routed via Laokay/ Tonkin '16th Dec' and Haiphong'18/12'.

Very scarce usage paying the ten cent postcard rate and twenty five cents for registration fee.

China. (Indo-Chinese Post Offices in Yunnan-Sen). 1919. Folded letter envelope addressed to Hanoi, Tonkin bearing French Indo-China SG 56, 15c violet tied by Yunnan-Fou-Chine double ring '6th July' with Hanoi arrival '9/7' on reverse.

Scarce postmark from Yunnan Sen, this later postmark only in use 1918 - 1921. See Desrousseaux volume 3.

China. (French Expeditionary Force in Kouang-Tcheou-Wan). 1898. Stampless envelope addressed to France endorsed 'Corps D' Occupation de Quen Tcheou Wan' with circular 'Place de Quang-Chau-Wan (Chine)/ Le Commandant' in blue with 'Corps Exp. Annam Tonkin' undated circle with Haiphong/ Tonkin '24th Dec 98' on face and Hennebont arrival 'Jan 1899' on reverse.

Very rare item sent during the early period of the Occupation. December 1898 perhaps the earliest item known.

China. (Indo-Chinese Post Offices in Canton). 1915. Picture post card of 'Passenger Junk, Canton' addressed to Saigon bearing French Indo-China 'Red Cross' SG 75, 10c on 5c scarlet tied by Canton/ Chine double ring '23rd Avril 15', endorsed 'per Steamer' with Saigon arrival.

China. (Indo-Chinese Post Offices in Tchong King). 1904. Picture post card of 'Chinese Street with lottery shop, Shanghai' addressed to Paris bearing Chungking SG 5, 10c rose-red tied by Tchong King double ring '26th Mai 04', routed via the French Post Office Hankow '2nd June' with Paris arrival '13th July on face. Very scarce first type Tchong King in use 1902/ 04. Very fine.

Hong Kong. (Stamp Dealers). 1901. Picture post card of 'Chinese Court' addressed to Yorkshire bearing Hong Kong SG 57, 4c carmine tied by Victoria/ Hong Kong double ring 'No 23 01' with framed 'Graca & Co/ Dealers in Postage Stamps/ Hong Kong, China' on face in carmine.

Nice item with card sold by 'Graca & Co, Hong Kong.'

Hong Kong. (British Post Office). 1908. Picture post card of 'Chinese Tea House in native city, Shanghai' addressed to Switzerland bearing Hong Kong SG 93, 4c carmine tied by Shanghai B.P.O. date stamp routed via Paris with Ouchy arrival Very fine.

Hong Kong. (British Post Office). 1909. Picture post card of 'French Colonial Company outside the Town Hall, Tientsin' addressed to '16th Regiment d' Inf. Colonial 1st Company, Arsenal de l' Est, Tientsin' bearing Hong Kong SG 62, 1c brown and purple tied by Tientsin/ Br. P.O. date stamp 'Au 28' with French Post Office Tientsin 'Tien- Tsin-China/ Poste Francaise' arrival on reverse.

Nice item paying the local 'one cent' rate.

Hong Kong. (British Post Office in China). 1920. Registered envelope headed "Transmarina" Trading Company/ Shanghai Agency' addressed to The Hague, Holland bearing British Post Office in Shanghai SG 2, 2c green, SG 4, 6c orange (2), SG 5, 8c grey (2) and SG 6, 10c ultramarine tied by oval Registered/ Shanghai B.P.O. date stamp 'Ap 10 1920' with framed 'R/ Shanghai B.P.O./ No' hand-stamp on face, endorsed 'S.S. "Empress of Asia"/ via Canada' with Vancouver transit and s' Gravenhage arrival on reverse.

Ceylon. (Netherlands East Indies). 1847. Stamp=less folded letter written from Batavia dated '14th May 47' addressed to London cancelled by Batavia/ Franco '16/5', endorsed 'Per Overland Mail via Ceylon and Southampton' with Galle/ Steamer Letter on reverse 'June 11' and London arrival, charged '2s' in m/s on arrival.

Very nice item sent overland via Ceylon and India with Steamer Office transit.

India. (United States - Sweden). 1891. United States postal stationery envelope 'one cent' blue cancelled by oval Boston date stamp addressed to Sweden but mis-sent to India with Bombay transit on reverse 'Dec 1st' with framed instructional 'Missent In/ Indian Mail' on face with Lund arrival arrival and forwarded to Uppsala '23/12.' Superb item.